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gauge

/ˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ noun C1
  1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard (countable, uncountable) · 1780, Edmund Burke, speech at The Guildhall, in Bristol the gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt
  2. An act of measuring. (countable, uncountable)
  3. An estimate. (countable, uncountable)
  4. Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the level, state, dimensions or forms of things (countable, uncountable)
  5. A thickness of sheet metal or wire designated by any of several numbering schemes, with lower numbers indicating larger size. (countable, uncountable)
  6. A semi-norm; a function that assigns a non-negative size to all vectors in a vector space. (countable, uncountable)
  7. The number of stitches per inch, centimetre, or other unit of distance. (countable, uncountable)
  8. Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind. (countable, uncountable) · A vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it.

Plural gauges

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From the library

I satisfied myself that it was a cab and not a private carriage by the narrow gauge of the wheels.
A Study in Scarlet, p. 80 · B2
He utilized the temporal gaps between installments to meticulously gauge public sentiment, effectively transforming solitary composition into a collaborative enterprise.
The Master of Suspense: Dickens in Installments, p. 1 · C2

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Words, meanings, pronunciations and translations from Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); how common each word is from wordfreq. Made into this dictionary by FluentPlex.