by
/baɪ/ preposition A1- Near or next to. · The mailbox is by the bus stop.
- From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past. · The stream runs by our back door.· He ran straight by me.
- Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval); before. · Be back by ten o'clock!· We'll find someone by the end of March.
- After a given amount of time has elapsed or a given event has occurred. · By February, we were all sick of the cold.· By the time I realized I had left my phone at home, I was already two blocks from work.
- Following a passive verb. · The matter was decided by the chairman.· The boat was swamped by the water.
- Following a noun. · There was a call by the unions for a 30% pay rise.
- Following an adjective. · I was aghast by what I saw.
- Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of. · There are many well-known plays by William Shakespeare
From the library
Gardiner, whose manners were easy and pleasant, encouraged her communicativeness by his questions and remarks: Mrs.
At length, however, the question was asked by her uncle; and she turned away with alarm, while Mrs.
Reynolds replied, that he was; adding, “But we expect him to-morrow, with a large party of friends.” How rejoiced was Elizabeth that their own journey had not by any circumstance been delayed a day!
The housekeeper came forward, and told them it was the picture of a young gentleman, the son of her late master’s steward, who had been brought up by him at his own expense.
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