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underlie

/ˌʌn.dɚˈlaɪ/ verb C1
  1. To lie in a position directly beneath something. (intransitive)
  2. To lie under or beneath. (transitive) · A stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel.
  3. To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of. (transitive) · a doctrine underlying a theory
  4. To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge. (transitive)
  5. To underlay.

He/she/it underlies · Past underlay · Past participle underlain · -ing form underlying

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Verb forms

Base form
underlie
He/she/it
underlies
Past
underlay
Past participle
underlain
-ing form
underlying

An irregular verb: learn its past and past participle by heart.

From the library

Breaking a bad habit requires a slightly different approach, but the underlying principle remains the same.
The Science of Habits, p. 1 · B2
This temporary escape mechanism provides a fleeting sense of accomplishment, yet it ultimately intensifies the underlying stress.
The Emotional Roots of Procrastination, p. 1 · C1
When students type notes on a laptop, they often transcribe lectures verbatim without genuinely processing the underlying concepts and complex ideas.
The Disappearing Signature, p. 1 · C1
The underlying theory suggested that if employees could see each other continuously, they would communicate more effectively and share innovative ideas.
The Trouble with Open-Plan Offices, p. 1 · C1

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Words, meanings, pronunciations and translations from Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); how common each word is from wordfreq. Made into this dictionary by FluentPlex.